Organic Farming and Agricultural Economic Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Agricultural sustainability and economic resilience have become major concerns due to increasing production costs, climate variability, environmental degradation, and market uncertainties. Organic farming has gained global recognition as a sustainable farming system that enhances ecological balance while improving the economic stability of farming communities. By adopting natural nutrient management, biological pest control, crop diversification, and resource-efficient practices, organic farming reduces dependence on external chemical inputs and promotes long-term agricultural productivity. The present study examines the role of organic farming in strengthening agricultural economic resilience by identifying its major challenges and opportunities. The study is descriptive in nature and is based on secondary data collected from books, research articles, government publications, and reports of national and international organizations. The analysis reveals that organic farming contributes to improved soil health, climate resilience, farm profitability, rural employment, and sustainable resource management. However, factors such as certification costs, inadequate technical knowledge, limited market access, and transition-related yield reductions continue to hinder its wider adoption. The study concludes that strengthening policy support, expanding market infrastructure, promoting farmer awareness, and encouraging technological innovation are essential for accelerating organic farming. A coordinated approach involving government agencies, research institutions, and farming communities can significantly enhance agricultural economic resilience while ensuring sustainable agricultural development and improved rural livelihoods.